Peptide therapies emerged in the early 20th century when scientists began studying peptides, short chains of amino acids, as biological regulators. Breakthroughs in the 1950s and 60s, particularly in protein synthesis, led to the development of peptide hormones like insulin, revolutionizing medical treatments.

The discovery of insulin in 1921 was a major milestone, transforming diabetes treatment and accelerating peptide research. Emil Fischer, who synthesized the first peptide in 1901, and Viktor Mutt, who pioneered research on regulatory peptides in the gut and brain, were key figures in peptide chemistry. European scientists, under the leadership of M.M. Shemyakin, also contributed significantly to peptide research, developing techniques for protein sequencing and synthesis that laid the foundation for modern peptide therapies.

By the 21st century, the development of synthetic peptides expanded into areas such as tissue repair, metabolic health, weight loss and cellular rejuvenation, driving the rise of peptide therapies in medicine, particularly for conditions like muscle repair, wound healing, and age-related diseases. Today, peptides continue to be studied and utilized for their precision and effectiveness in regulating various biological functions.